3. Bare-knuckle fighting
If you thought that boxer’s fractures were common in boxing and Muay Thai then you clearly haven’t seen any bare-knuckle fights. These fights pretty similar to boxing in terms of the ruleset except that fighters don’t wear gloves but rather use their bare knuckles instead, just as the name would suggest.
The rules are generally more loose in the fights as well since they’re more common in underground fight clubs than actual professional leagues. The reduced production for the fighters means that their metacarpal is more exposed to hits and thus at a higher likelihood of being broken.
Even if a punch lands properly on their opponent, the fighter could still suffer a boxer’s fracture because the force is too great for their bone to bear. In fact, bare-knuckle fighters generally have multiple boxer’s fractures each year.