3. Marfan syndrome
Marfan syndrome is a hereditary disorder that negatively impacts connective tissue which are the fibers that anchor, as well as support, structures in the body such as organs. The areas most prominently impacted by Marfan syndrome include the skeleton, eyes, heart, and blood vessels.
While Turner syndrome is often characterized by short necks, limbs, and fingers, Marfan syndrome is quite the opposite with elongated fingers, toes, legs, and arms. The aorta itself can sometimes be affected by Marfan syndrome, leading to an increased risk of aortic dissection. This complication of Marfan syndrome has a relatively high mortality rate, especially if immediate treatment is not administered.
Doctors will often focus on regulating the blood pressure of Marfan syndrome patients to reduce the stress on the aorta to prevent further damage. Those who suffer from an aortic dissection as a result of Marfan syndrome generally need to undergo surgery to repair their aorta.